An every elementary electronic device constructed as a single unit. Any circuit or a system can produce the desired output based on the input. Electronic devices are the components for controlling the electrical current flow for the purpose of signal processing and system control. Before the invention of integrated circuits (ICs), all the individual electronic devices like the transistor, diodes were discrete in nature. All the individual electronic devices are called as discrete components.
How Does A Transistor Work?
The transistor was invented by William Shockley in 1947. A transistor is a three-terminal semiconductor device which can be used for switching applications, amplification of weak signals and in quantities of thousands and millions of transistors are interconnected and embedded into a tiny integrated circuit/chip, which makes a computer memory.
Transistor
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Different Types Of Motion Sensors, Working And Application
Motion Sensor
Motion sensors are commonly used in security systems. They work based on a wide variety of principles and are used in a wide variety of applications. Typical usage could be in the exterior doorways or windows of a building for monitoring the area around the building. Upon detecting motion, they generate an electrical signal based on which some actions are taken. Some operate in much the same way as a military radar scanner, while others work based on vibration, infrared radiation and, even sound. All of these different types of sensors have different strengths and weaknesses, which are important to take into account when making a decision to choose a particle motion detection sensor.
Automatic Engine Locking System Through Alcohol Detection For Drunken Drivers
Automatic Engine Locking System Through Alcohol Detection
Driving under the influence of alcohol has affected and killed countless of people’s lives. If you drink and drive, not only do you possibly put yourself at risk, but your passengers and pedestrians, and other people, who were on the roads. Just think about that. Every thirty minutes someone’s life is cut short and families are devastated. So, here we implemented a prototype version Alcohol Detection system in order to control drunk and driving as much as we can. Please follow the link To Know about Different Types of Sensors with their Applications
Home and Industrial Safety Using Fire and Gas Detection System Using GSM
Home and Industrial Safety Using Fire and Gas sensor System Using GSM
In this article, we are going to give a brief explanation on how to implement “Home and Industry Safety using Fire and Gas Detection System using GSM”. The main aim of this project is to monitor for liquid petroleum gas (LPG) leakage to avoid fire accidents, providing house/industry safety feature where the security has been an important issue. The system detects the LPG leakage using a gas sensor and flames by a flame sensor that alerts the consumer about the gas leakage by sending SMS with the help of GSM module which is connected preprogrammed microcontroller.
Heart Attack Detection and Medical Attention Using Heart Beat Sensor
Heart attack (coronary artery disease) is one of the most common and very serious effects of aging. The cholesterol, fatty deposits, emotional stress, and drug intake lead to build spasm in blood vessel walls. As the spasm grows, less blood can flow through the arteries. As a result, the heart muscle can’t get the blood or oxygen what exactly, it needs. This can lead to a heart attack. In this article, We are developing a system which will help to decrease the death rate due to the heart attack by early heart attack detection. In our system, we will be using smart Heart Beat sensor which is easily available in the market.
Accurate Room Temperature Controller Using 8051 Microcontroller
Room Temperature Controller
Temperature control is a procedure to maintain the temperature at a certain level. This method is commonly used in all regions of the world. Recently in the globalization period, this method becomes an important part because there are several applications in daily life includes this procedure especially server room and greenhouse. Every day server room works nonstop in 24 hours. During this procedure, server room needs to be checked frequently in order to confirm its functionality and efficiency, particularly on temperature. Accurate room temperature controller mentioned as the best technique in any application by controlling the temperature automatically.
GPS and GSM Based Soldier Tracking and Health Monitoring System
Nowadays, the security system of the nation depending upon the enemy’s war and so the security of the soldiers is considered as an important role in it. Concerning the safety of the soldiers, there are numerous tools to observe the health condition as well as bullets on the soldiers. In soldiers security, biosensor system gives different kinds of sensors like small physiological, Barometric and Oxygen analyzer, processing capabilities and transmission modules, and can thus enable low-cost wearable unremarkable solutions for health monitoring system. The proposed system uses GPS to track the direction of the soldier in the form of latitude and longitude values. So that direction can be found easily.
GPS and GSM Based Soldier Tracking and Health Monitoring System
Designing of this system using GPS and GSM gives a wireless system for tracking the location of the soldier and observing the heart beat rate and body temperature of the soldier. The biomedical sensors used in the proposed system are sensor and beat. The temperature sensor is used to measure the temperature of the body as well as heart beat sensor is used to measure the heartbeat rate of the soldier.
Block Diagram of Soldier Tracking and Health Monitoring System
One of the most important tasks in military processes is that the Soldier, not able to interconnect with control room administrator. In addition, every organization wants to apply for certain work when they communicate over the n/w owned and worked with other organizations. Therefore, without cautious planning and coordination, one group cannot interconnect with the other groups. Present a problem faced by the soldiers are; Soldier wants to identify the location. They will not get assistance during terror situation and soldiers are not trackable
Soldier Unit
Soldier unit is placed on the soldier. This unit has four parts, namely biomedical sensor, keypad, GSM, and GPS.
Heartbeat Sensor
The Heart Beat sensor gives an easy way to study the function of the heart This sensor is used to monitor the blood through a finger. As the heart services blood through the blood vessels in the finger, the blood amount in the finger changes with respect to time. Heartbeat sensor shines a light lobe through the finger to measure the light communicated to the LDR.The signal gained from the LDR is changed by the amplifier and will be cleaned and provided to the ADC.
Heartbeat Sensor
Temperature Sensor
The Temperature sensor can be sensed with the help of the LM35 sensor. This series is accurate integrated circuit sensors, whose o/p voltage is linearly related to the Celsius temperature. A Station, which is pressed directly will aware Base station and thus will not delay for heart beats to go out of the normal range.
Temperature Sensor
PIC Microcontroller
The term PIC stands for “Programmable Interface Controller”, these are standard with both industrial developers and also hobbyists similar due to their wide availability, low cost, large user base, a wide collection of application notes, and available at low cost.
PIC Microcontroller
Global Positioning System
The term GPS stands for Global Positioning System (GPS) is a space-based global navigation satellite system that offers consistent location and information about the time in all weather conditions from anywhere on the Earth when and where there is a free line of sight to four (or) more GPS satellites.
Global Positioning System
Global System for Mobile Communications
The term GSM stands for “Global System for Mobile communications”, controls as the world’s most extensively used cell phone technology. Cell phones use a GSM n/w by searching for cell phone towers in the near area.
Global System for Mobile Communications
LCD Unit
The LCD display is used to display the temperature and heart beat rate, current time, date and the position of the soldier.
LCD
Danger Switch
Danger switch is used to help in warning the Base Deference voltage
Environmental Analyzer
The environmental analyzer is used to find the situation of an environment such as the oxygen level and atmosphere pressure and also observe the real-time video of the soldier’s unit.
Webcam
A webcam is a device used to capture a video that is connected to a PC or computer n/w, frequently using a USB port, Wi-Fi or Ethernet, or build in for particular types of laptops.
Keypad
The keypad is a part of Human Machine Interface and plays a vital role in a tiny embedded system where human interaction is required. Matrix keypads are very simple in their architecture and also very simple of interfacing with any microcontroller.
Applications and Advantages
The applications and advantages of the health monitoring system include the following
- No need to go on the field
- High reliability
- Cost effective
- Efficient and very fast
From the above information(health monitoring system) we can conclude that it would help in tracking the health status of the soldier with measures of heart beats and also the temperature of the body. It would also assist in tracking his location by using GPS and GSM modem. It can send all information to the BSS (base station) so that more necessary action could be taken. Furthermore, any doubts regarding this concept or to implement any electrical and electronic projects, please give your valuable suggestions by commenting in the comment section below. Here is a question for you, What are the applications of health monitoring system ?
Remote Controlled Hovercraft Using Android Application
Hovercraft
The first practical design of the hovercraft was resulting from British invention from 1950 to 1960. The RC Hovercraft are used throughout the world as a specialized transport in disaster relief, coast guard, military, and in passenger service. These vehicles are supported in various ways, some of them are specially designed wings. The hovercraft is a vehicle that can drive like a car, flies like a plane, it can move on the water & land surface and float like a boat. Hovercrafts are the hybrid vehicles operated by a pilot. In this, we will discuss RC Hovercraft by an android.
GSM based Programmable Energy Meter with Bill Estimation Display to The User
GSM based Programmable Energy Meter
Electricity is an essential requirement for leading a happy life. It is to be correctly used and achieved. Many statistical errors overcome in the process of monthly customer billing. This idea of wireless data transmission is being planned to decrease the human involvement to gather the monthly reading and to minimize the technical problems about the billing process. This will help in a huge reduction of power thefts as well to analyze average power consumption of a certain locality. An automatic meter reading system is an actual way of data collection, that permit substantial saving through the saving of meter read, more accuracy, allow regular reading, better billing, condensed tempering. It gives better customer services, by transferring alert of power cuts and updates. Automatic meter reading (AMR) technology is used for remote monitoring, control domestic energy meter and also to reduce the power thievery. This article presents a programmable energy meter using GSM technology, that enables energy Supplier companies to read the energy meter reading frequently without the person visiting each house. This project is very beneficial for small villages or remote area. This system can be very efficient, swift and accurate.