Block diagram of Home and Industry Safety using Fire and Gas Detection System using GSM

The block diagram mainly consists of LP-gas leakage detection and flame sensor system, Microcontroller with GSM module and protection circuitry.  The block diagram of the proposed system is given below.

The main function of gas leakage detection module which consists of the gas sensor to continuously detect the gas leakage in the air. Here for the gas leakage detection, a solid state gas sensor MQ-6 is used. When the LPG gas or combustible gases present in the environment the resistance of the sensor changes with the concentration of combustible gases. The conductivity of gas sensor increases and whose conductivity is less in the air.

A simple electronic circuit can be used to convert the change in resistance to change in terms of concentration of explosive gases. If due to gas leakage, any fire accident occurred, then the flame sensor will send an alert to the microcontroller and that information also send to the user through GSM module. Any number of consumer mobile numbers are included while programming the microcontroller in embedded C language, to which SMS must be sent about the gas leakage and fire accident details. This wireless GSM module is used to alert the consumer even when they are away from home. An audio and visual display alarm provided to immediately alert the people at home in an abnormal condition.

System Hardware Design

The design of the system hardware consists of gas leakage detection module sensor, fire sensor, the microcontroller with GSM module, and the protection circuitry which includes exhaust fan LCD module, buzzer.

Microcontroller Unit

In this proposed system we have chosen an 8-bit 8051 family Microcontroller. This Microcontroller includes RAM-128 bytes, ROM-4K bytes, timers-2, serial port-1 and 4-ports that are located on a single chip, and are referred to as a SOC (system on a chip). The 8051 Microcontroller is an 8-bit processor – which means, the CPU can function with 8-bits of data at a time. The 8051 Microcontroller includes four I/O ports that are 8 bits wide. Although this can have an utmost of 64K bytes of on-chip ROM, many designers have set only 4 kilobytes on the chip.

GSM Module

A GSM module consists of GSM modem, serial communication and power supply. A GSM modem is a specialised type of modem which accepts a SIM card, and operates over a subscription to a mobile operator, just like a mobile phone. AT commands are used to control the modem. The advantage of GSM modem is compact, low power consumption and high-quality SMS function. The interfacing of GSM module with 8051 microcontroller can be used to send the sensed information from the sensors that alert the user through an SMS sent by GSM modem.

MQ-6 Gas Sensor

The sensitive material of the MQ-6 gas sensor is SnO2, which has the lower conductivity of clean air. When the target combustible gas exists, The MQ-6 sensor’s conductivity is higher along with the gas concentration rising. The MQ-6 gas sensor has high sensitivity to Propane, Butane, methane and LPG.

Specifications

• Input voltage: 5V DC
• Output voltage: 0-5V
• Dual signal output (analogue output and TTL level output)
• Power: 150 mA
• Size: 32x22x27mm
• Designed in 4-pin male header
• Detection range: 200 – 10,000ppm

Advantages

• Highly sensitive and quick response
• Reliable stability and long life

Flame Sensor

Flame sensors are used to detect the existence of fire in the surroundings. This sensor is sensitive to the flame and radiation. It can detect ordinary light source in the range of a wavelength 760nm-1100 nm. This module has two outputs

1. AO: analogue output, a real-time output voltage signal on the thermal resistance.

2. DO: when the temperature reaches a certain threshold, the output high and low signal threshold adjustable via a potentiometer.

Specifications

• This sensor is suitable for the flame wavelength of 760nm to 1100nm.
• It has a high-speed and highly sensitive NPN silicon phototransistor.
• There is a rollover threshold level output. Detection angle of 60 degrees Power supply indicator lamp Comparator output indicator lamp.
• Power supply: 3.3V-5.5V DC
• Used wide range voltage comparator IC LM393
• Size: 2.9cm x 1.2cm

Design of System Software

The software program for the proposed system is written in the Embedded C language. The program is compiled by Keil compiler, then it is converted to hexadecimal file and dumped into the microcontroller.

Applications

The Home and Industry Safety using Fire and Gas Detection using GSM system is used to detect any fire, smoke or gas leakage in any premises, building or industry. It is used for detecting any leakage of gas or smoke due to fire or any chemical reaction. Here some of the real-time applications are given below.

• This project is used as a security system in applications like homes, Hospitals, hostels, industries.
• Because of its low power consumption, reliability, portability this system used in other applications like smoke detection.
• It is very useful in-house for detecting LPG gas, which can cause huge loss of property and life.

Thus, this is all about “Home and Industrial Safety Using Fire and Gas Detection System Using GSM”. We hope that you have got a better understanding of this project idea. Furthermore, any queries regarding this concept or to implement any home automation projects, please give your valuable suggestions by commenting in the comment section below. Here is a question for you, What are the applications of home automation system?